Understanding Customs Paperwork for a Smooth International Move in 2025
Relocating abroad involves far more than packing boxes and booking transport. One of the biggest challenges UK movers face in 2025 is navigating the complex web of customs requirements that vary from country to country. From securing the right paperwork and meeting deadlines, to avoiding costly delays and unexpected charges, preparation is key. This guide draws on Central Moves’ decades of experience to explain the essentials — including EORI numbers, T1 transit documents, and the latest country-specific rules — so you can move with confidence and avoid customs headaches.
Why Customs Paperwork Matters in 2025
Post-Brexit and post-pandemic, customs authorities take a stricter approach to shipments without correct documentation. For individuals and families moving from the UK, missing or incomplete paperwork can cause:
- Delays at ports or airports
- Fines and penalties
- Incorrect duty and VAT charges
- Confiscation or return of goods
What Is an EORI Number – and Do You Need One?
EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) numbers are used to track shipments entering and leaving the UK and EU.
Who needs an EORI number?
- Private individuals moving goods for personal use typically do not need an EORI.
- Businesses, including sole traders shipping commercially, must have an EORI number.
If you are unsure whether you need one, see the guidance and apply for a UK EORI number via HMRC’s website.
Understanding the T1 Transit Document
The T1 form (or T1 transit document) allows goods to move between UK departure points and EU destinations without immediate payment of customs duties.
When is a T1 required?
- When goods transit through multiple countries
- When duty and VAT have not yet been paid
- For port-to-door moves within Europe
T1s are issued electronically and must be closed correctly at the destination customs office, or financial penalties may apply. Your removal company usually handles this—however, you remain responsible for accuracy.
General Customs Documents for International Moves
- Inventory List: An itemised list of belongings with values and quantities.
- Proof of Residency: Evidence that you are leaving or entering a country (e.g., tenancy agreement, utility bill, employment contract).
- Copy of Passport and Visa: A valid passport and, if applicable, visa or residence permit.
- Transfer of Residence (ToR) Form: For duty-free import of personal effects where eligible.
- Bill of Lading / Waybill: Issued by the carrier; details shipment and serves as a receipt of goods.
- Power of Attorney: Allows Central Moves to act on your behalf for customs clearance.
Tip: Keep digital and hard copies of every document during your move.
Country-Specific Customs Rules in 2025
Moving to the EU (Spain, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy)
- Complete a Transfer of Residence (ToR) application to qualify for duty-free import.
- Goods should arrive within 12 months of moving your primary residence.
- Proof of deregistration from the UK (e.g., utility closures) may be required.
- Central Moves assists with closing your T1 at destination.
Related pages:
Removals to Spain ·
Removals to France ·
Removals to Italy ·
Removals to Germany ·
EU Customs Authority
Moving to the USA
- Complete US Customs Form 3299 (Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles).
- Provide a detailed English inventory with estimated values.
- Electronics and alcohol face additional scrutiny.
- Expect random inspections and possible extra processing time.
Top tip: Avoid prohibited items (firearms, perishables, soil-contaminated tools).
Related page: Removals to USA · US Customs and Border Protection Also See Our USA Customs Guide
Moving to Australia or New Zealand
- Complete B534 Personal Effects Statement (Australia) or the Unaccompanied Personal Effects form (New Zealand).
- All shipments are subject to strict biosecurity checks.
- Wooden items and outdoor equipment may require treatment or inspection.
Tip: Clean shoes, bikes, and garden tools thoroughly before shipping.
Related pages:
Removals to Australia ·
Removals to New Zealand from the UK ·
Australian Border Force ·
New Zealand Customs Service
Moving to Switzerland or Norway
- Though outside the EU, procedures are similar: provide proof of residence, inventory, and employment/relocation documents.
- VAT and duty relief can apply if you meet permanent-move criteria.
Related pages:
Removals to Switzerland ·
Swiss Federal Customs Administration ·
Norwegian Customs
How Central Moves Helps With Customs Clearance
- Preparing inventory forms
- Guidance with Transfer of Residence (ToR) forms
- Issuing and closing T1 documents
- Co-ordinating with international customs agents
- Keeping you updated on compliance requirements
We remove the guesswork—so you do not get caught out by paperwork.
Get a quote or call 020 8892 8931 for tailored advice.
FAQs
Do I need to pay duty or VAT when moving abroad?
If your move qualifies under a Transfer of Residence and your goods are for personal use, duty and VAT are often exempt—provided your paperwork proves eligibility.
Can I move with pets or vehicles?
Yes, but both follow separate customs processes (e.g., vaccinations for pets; ownership and compliance documents for vehicles).
What if a T1 is not closed correctly?
Failure to close a T1 can lead to penalties. Central Moves tracks each T1 and confirms closure via our trusted agent network.